Describe the drive reduction theory of motivation pdf

Instinct theory instinct theory was the earliest theory of motivation. Drive theory thorndikes 1911 law of effect reduced hu. One of these approaches is the drive reduction approach of motivation. Instinct is an unlearned pattern of behavior that is the same throuhout the species. We then turn our attention to contemporary theories linking motivation closely to reward, which have overturned earlier, erroneous theories proposing that drive reduction supposedly was the chief mechanism of reward. In learning theory, drive reduction theory is a type of motivational theory. The fourdrive model of employee motivation is a holistic way to look beyond typical financial workplace rewards. It postulates that people can be basically self directed and creative at work, if properly motivated. Describe classic research findings in specific motivation systems e. The drivereduction theory of motivation there are several approaches to explain motivation in psychology.

You know because you get this feeling of being thirsty which motivates you to reduce the thirst by drinking water. According to the theory, the reduction of drives is the primary force behind motivation. A theory of human motivation 4 it is far easier to perceive and to criticize the aspects in motivation theory than to remedy them. Drive reduction theory was introduced in 1930s by an eminent american psychologist clark hull, whose works were influenced by other behaviorists like ivan pavlov, edward thorndike and edward tolman, but also by charles darwins theory of evolution. The classic hullspence drive theory emphasizes how arousal affects performance with little regard for any cognitive awareness by the individual. Frq practice m37p 395 question 1 answer a hungry young person would steal because of a physiological need. Mostly this is because of the very serious lack of sound data in this area. The drive reduction theory of motivation became popular during the 1940s and 1950s as a way to explain behavior, learning, and motivation. Drive reduction theory is a motivational theory that posits a homeostatic function in motivated behavior.

How do you know when it is time to get a glass of water. When the instinct theory of motivation failed to explain most human motivation, it was replaced by the drivereduction theory. According to this theory, some physiological need need for water occurs that creates a. The drivereduction theory of motivation the psychology.

Because of the disturbance in the organisms level of homeostasis, there is a development of a drive to fulfill that specific need to bring the individual out of its discomfort. The drive reduction theory was created by behaviorist clark hull 1943. This article explicates the theory of drive and describes the development and validation of two measures. Drive reduction theory of motivation can be simply described as you dont want to be hungry, thirsty, in pain, or horny. Mcclelland advocates that home environment, social philosophy. Lets look at what each of these theories has to say about motivation. The first problem is that it does not explain how secondary reinforcers reduce drive. According to the drive theory of motivation, people are motivated to take certain actions in order to reduce the internal tension that is caused by unmet needs. Drive reduction theory definition psychology glossary. As a general learning theory it tried to explain all behavior and the likelihood of its. Drive reduction theory was developed by the psychologist clark hull in 1943.

It was one of the popular theories of motivation during the 1940s and the 50s, not only as a theory to explain motivation, but also learning and behavior. This is what happens according to drive reduction theory. According to drivereduction theory, the body is motivated to engage in whatever behavior is necessary to fulfill an unsatisfied drive. If your body wants something, that want is the drive. Also known as drive reduction theory, it postulates that human behavior could be explained by conditioning and reinforcement. There are several definitions of the term motivation. Drive reduction theory was developed by the psychologist clark hull in 1943, as the first theory for motivation.

Responses should explain that a physiological need creates a psychological drive of hunger that affects eating behavior. A sales theory which surposes that consumers choose whether or not to purchase a product due to unconscious desires and motivators, and that the qualities of the. An example of point 3 could be the instance where a recuperating substance abuse addict feels the drive to relapse, they may not with the help of proper clinical intervention if their motive is to achieve. Define motivation describe the evolutionary theory of motivation. This theory emphasizes that people have certain biological needs or drives example hunger, sleep and sex and as the time passes, the strength of the desire increases if it is not fulfilled or satisfied. Describe evolutionary, drive reduction, and optimum arousal theories of motivation.

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a state of physiological equilibrium. Drivereduction theory proposes that physiological needs hunger, thirst create aroused psychological states that drive us motivate us to reduce or satisfy those needs by eating, drinking. Freudian motivation theory definition investopedia. His term drive refers to a state of tension or arousal caused by biological or physiological needs. Maslows theory is one of the most widely discussed theories of motivation. Perspectives to explain motivation include the following. Theories of motivation boundless psychology lumen learning. The drivereduction theory was developed by behaviorist clark hull as a way of accounting for learning, motivation and behavior. Content theory of human motivation includes both abraham maslows hierarchy of needs and herzbergs twofactor theory. The idea of homeostasis is central to drive reduction theories. The motivational cycle psychologists now use the concept of need to describe the motivational properties of behaviour. Drivereduction theory has been criticized for failing to explain how secondary reinforcers reduce drive or why individuals engage in pleasureseeking. A physiological need creates an aroused tension state a drive that motivates an organism to satisfy the need hull, 1951.

Several termsmotive, drive, need, instincts, curiosity, goal incentive and interest are used to explain the term motivation. Hull believed that behavior was one of the ways that an organism maintains this balance. Drivereduction theory when the instinct theory of motivation failed to explain most human motivation, it was replaced by the drivereduction theory. The physiological aim of drive reduction is internal stability, or homeostasis. In psychology, a drive theory, theory of drives or drive doctrine is a theory that attempts to analyze, classify or define the psychological drives. For instance, thirst, hunger and the need for warmth are examples of drives. Theory y is positive, participating and democratic.

These needs, or drives, are defined by hull as internal states of arousal or tension which must be reduced. Hulls attempt to explain all behavior was assisted by his collaborator kenneth spence. Many theories of motivation focus on inborn biological processes that control behavior. The drivereduction theory talks about an organisms reaction in an event where his physical needs are challenged and unstable. Also known as drive reduction theory, it postulates that human behavior could. Strength of drivereduction theory explains our motivation to reduce arousal by meeting basic needs, such as hunger or thirst.

In current behavioral theory, the drive reduction theory of motivation is not considered to be the same dominant force as it was in the 1940s and the years immediately following. The four drive theory describes human motivation in terms of a set of dynamic, interacting needs that are a fundamental part of humankinds makeup. There are several approaches to explain motivation in psychology. Drive reduction theory according to clark hull 1943, 1952, humans have internal internal biological needs which motivate us to perform a certain way. One way that the body elicits this behavioral motivation is by increasing physiological arousal. Theoretically, it describe how deprived needs, either physical or psychological are satisfied. Instinct theory explains animal behavior better than human behavior. Executives typically concentrate their energy on the need for their employees to achieve by offering. Chap10 1 describe evolutionary drive reduction and.

There could be a switch in focus from intrinsic to extrinsic motivation. A representative set of drive facets was derived from an extensive corpus of human attributes study 1. These needs result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need and, ultimately, bring the system back to homeostasis. The drivereduction theory of motivation the psychology notes. Hull, the drivereduction theory focuses on how motivation.

Hull, the drivereduction theory focuses on how motivation originates from biological needs or drives. The drives themselves are complete and elemental, offering a comprehensive explanation for human motivation that cannot be broken down into further basic elements. It is an innovative and unique approach for organizational leaders, and each drive is necessary to understand motivation in the workplace. Describe classic research findings in specific motivations. For example, people eat in order to reduce their need for food. Yet there are still some influences from hulls theory and spences after work that are in play today. Theory desi 1971 has suggested that is situations in which individuals are experiencing a high level of intrinsic motivation, the addition of extrinsic rewards for good performance may decrease intrinsic motivation. Drive reduction theory of motivation explained hrf. Instincts are inherited, unlearned forces that help all species survive. This theory assumes that, people are not, by nature, lazy and unreliable. Drivereduction theories of motivation by admin drive theories of motivation are based on the concept of drives, which are hypothetical states of tension or discomfort that motivate or drive an organism to engage in behaviours that will maintain a. Drive reduction theories of motivation suggest that people act in order to reduce needs and maintain a constant physiological state. Ipip, a threefactor model was extracted from the facets in two samples and confirmed.

Different psychologists have emphasised different aspects of motivation. A lonely new student would join a club to meet belonginess and love needs. Drivereduction theories of motivation psychology concepts. Herzbergs two factor theory or motivation hygiene theory by anisur rahman duration. The drive reduction theory explains that a person behaves in order to reduce his drives like hunger and thirst. Clark leonard hull developed drivereduction theory, one of the earliest theories of motivation. According to the drive theory of motivation, deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs. Motivation is the term that we use to describe why people move towards certain actions and goals but not others. Identify contributions of key researchers in the psychological field of motivation and emotion. I conceive this lack of sound facts to be due primarily to the absence of a valid theory of motivation. Motivation is one of the forces that lead to performance. I begin the discussion by considering the behaviorist concept of drive, because im was developed to show the limitations of this concept. Motivation the desire to achieve a goal or a certain performance level, leading to goaldirected behavior.

A successful artist would still work hard to satisfy the need for self actualization question 2 answer he may play because of incentives, like a college scholarship or a pro. A drive is an instinctual need that has the power of driving the behaviour of an individual. For example, you might be motivated to drink a glass of water. Drivereduction theory and human behavior verywell mind. For example, if its been a while since you ate, your blood sugar levels will drop below normal. According to hull, physiological needs result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the needs and, ultimately, bring the system back to homeostasis. Operationalised using an international personality item pool version the drive.

The motivational cycle need reduction of arousal goaldirected behaviour achievement drive arousal. Abraham maslow believed that man is inherently good and argued that individuals possess a constantly growing inner drive that has great potential. Arousal theory expands upon drivereduction theory by taking into account levels of arousal as potential motivators. Understanding the 4drive model theory on employee motivation. Upon satisfying the drive, the strength is reduced and the organism returns to a state of homeostasis.